The Jerusalem Cross is a distinguished Christian emblem symbolizing Jesus' connection to the Holy Land, commonly worn as jewelry or displayed as a "Pilgrim's Cross" by travelers to Jerusalem. Its origins trace back to the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1187 CE), where Godfrey de Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade, is believed to have first used it as a symbol after refusing the title of king and calling himself "Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre." The cross became the official coat of arms of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, symbolizing both Christian devotion and the mission to spread the faith "to the four corners of the world." Even after Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces in 1187, the emblem persisted as a heraldic symbol claimed by various European monarchs, and in the 14th century the Franciscan Order adopted it as the emblem of their guardianship over the Holy Land's Christian sites. Symbolically, the design features a large central cross with Tau-shaped ("T") arms representing the Old Testament, surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses representing the New Testament—interpreted variously as the four Evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) or as Christ's wounds, with the central cross representing the spear wound in his side.